Dutch. M. The original European settlers in South Africa were DUTCH. In 1651, the VOC issued instructions that a refreshment station should be established at the Cape to provide fresh supplies of vegetables, fruit and meat for VOC ships on their way to the East Indies. These were especially poor wretches living in desperate circumstances or mercenaries who had been unemployed since the end of the 30 years war. Rating. After several years of service in the company, an employee could lease a piece of land in the colony as een Vryburgher ("a free citizen"), on which he had to cultivate crops that he had to sell to the United East India Company for a fixed price. Question. The Dutch settlers were unhappy with British rule and became even angrier when the British outlawed slavery in 1835. Dutchmen soon started settling the area, with little, if any, conflict with the native Khoisan population. The Boers were Dutch settlers who colonized several regions in what is today South Africa. There they contested still wider groups of Khoe-speaking cattle herders for the best grazing lands. As a result it was looked down on as a kombuistaal (kitchen language) by the wealthier settlers who spoke High Dutch. Once again the Khoikhoi fought back and defeated the Portuguese force killing 67 people including de Almeida. The term "Boer" is used to describe individuals who are descended from these original early settlers, along with people who are associated with Boer culture. Bartholomeu Dias explored the continent further southwards and in 1488 unknowingly sailed round the Cape. Seven years later in 1510, Francis de Almeida the first viceroy of Portuguese Indies, also sailed into Table Bay with a fleet in search of fresh water. War fought between descendants of Dutch settlers and British (1899-1902); Britain won, but at great cost. In the 17th century, the southernmost point of Africa where the Atlantic and Indian oceans meet became a desirable half-way haven for the Dutch East India Company which was trading with India. During the same period the area around Table Bay and Robben Island were increasingly used by the Dutch and British. As these farms were labour-intensive, Vryburghers imported slaves from Madagascar, Mozambique and Asia (Dutch East Indies and Dutch Ceylon), which rapidly increased the number of inhabitants. orary documents suggest that the servants were acting under orders. The town developed largely as a result of developments that took place both in Europe prior to the establishment of the refreshment station at the Cape. The more modern name for the white South Africans descended from Dutch settlers (earlier known as Boers). History of South Africa, 1484 - 1691, G.M. Modern day South Africa has had contact with Europeans for centuries, and the first group to settle there were the Dutch. ... Before any settlement was established at the Cape, many ships called in at Table Bay for refreshment. Kind of. African National Congress; political party in South Africa that led struggle for voting rights for black South Africans (founded 1912). a. Afrikaners. In order to avoid collision with the Bantu peoples advancing south, north and west from east central Africa, the VOC agreed in 1780 to make the Great Fish River the boundary of the colony. European traders bought gold from Africa and exchanged it for spices and silk in Asia. Between 1652 and 1691 a Commandment, and between 1691 and 1795 a Governorate of the United East India Company (VOC). New answers . 76 G. M. Theal in his History of South Africa under the D.E.I.C., ii, 28, gives a highly tendentious account of this episode, laying the blame for the violence and robbery on the Khoi servants and exonerating the settlers under Willem van Wyk. Hostility between British and Dutch settlers, known as Boers or Afrikaners, led to the Great Trek of 1835-43, a migration of Boers from the Cape who founded Natal, Orange Free State, and Transvaal. It was the gradual dispossession of local Khoikhoi pastoralists by early Dutch settlers that opened up the area for European settlement. At the time of first European settlement in the Cape, the southwest of Africa was inhabited by Sān ("Foragers") and "Khoekhoe" peoples, the latter being primarily pastoral people with a population estimated between 13,000 and 15,000. In Southern Africa, however, the transfer of power to an African majority was greatly complicated by the presence of entrenched white settlers. In the 17th century, the southernmost point of Africa where the Atlantic and Indian oceans meet became a desirable half-way haven for the Dutch East India Company which was trading with India. [2] After King Louis XIV of France revoked the Edict of Nantes (October 1685), which had protected the right of Huguenots in France to practise Protestant worship without persecution from the state, the colony attracted many Huguenot settlers, who eventually mixed with the general Vryburgher population. That same year the VOC granted men permission to own land, build farms and improve food supply. By the 1660s, the settlement showed growth in the number of buildings and European visitors began to refer to the settlement as a town. The Dutch colonization of the Americas began with the establishment of Dutch trading posts and plantations in the Americas, which preceded the much wider known colonization activities of the Dutch in Asia.While the first Dutch fort in Asia was built in 1600 (in present-day Indonesia), the first forts and settlements along the Essequibo River in Guyana date from the 1590s. Van Riebeeck complained that the land available was insufficient to meet the agricultural demands of the settlement both for farming and grazing company cattle. Historically the Khoikhoi were referred to as Hottentots, a term first coined by the Dutch settlers of the Cape region. In 1652 a Dutch expedition of 90 Calvinist settlers under the command of Jan Van Riebeeck founded the first permanent settlement near the Cape of Good Hope. During a visit in 1672, the high-ranking Commissioner Arnout van Overbeke made a formal purchase of the Cape territory, although already ceded in 1660, his reason was to "prevent future disputes". The freemen or free burghers as they were afterwards termed, thus became subjects, and were no longer servants, of the Company.[6]. In January 1806, the British occupied the colony for a second time after the Battle of Blaauwberg at present-day Bloubergstrand. In 1670 the French attacked Saldanha Bay, exposing the vulnerability of the settlement. As a result of this disruption, Portuguese explorers were tasked with finding an alternative trade route around Africa to Asia. The mapping of the coast of African coast by explorers and the establishment of an alternative trade route by sea between Europe and Asia precipitated the settlement of the Cape. The first white settlement in South Africa occurred on the Cape under the control of the Dutch East India company. Van Riebeeck was also instructed to build a fort of defence against the Khoikhoi and other European competitor. They were called Boers (Dutch for farmer), or Afrikaners – Dutch with a mix of Flemish, German and French Huguenot heritage. The region of the Western Cape which includes the Table Bay area (where the modern city of Cape Town is located) was inhabited by Khoikhoi pastoralists who used it seasonally as pastures for their cattle. Thus by 1672, the permanent indigenous residents living at the Cape had grown substantially. These immigrants are referred to as the 1820 British Settlers. Read More on This Topic. It was many years later, however, in 1652 when the Dutch East India Company established a small settlement at the Cape of Good Hope. In 1630 three patroonships were founded: on the South River Swanendael; on the North River at its mouth, Pavonia and at Fort Oranje, Rensselaerswyck. In the summer months the Khoikhoi moved around between the areas of Table Bay, Swartland and Saldanha Bay in search of fresh grazing pastures with their cattle herds. Traders of the United East India Company (VOC), under the command of Jan van Riebieeck, were the first people to establish a European colony in South Africa. When slavery was abolished in 18344 they were antagonized still more. ANC. The United East India Company transferred its territories and claims to the Batavian Republic (the Revolutionary period Dutch state) in 1798, then ceased to exist in 1799. After the first settlers spread out around the Company station, nomadic European livestock farmers, or Trekboeren, moved more widely afield, leaving the richer, but limited, farming lands of the coast for the drier interior tableland. Dias named the Cape, the Cape Storms, but John II the king of Portugal renamed it the Cape of Good Hope. The name expressed the king’s optimism that a sea trade route to India could be opened up via the Cape. Jan van Riebeeck, who founded the first colony at Cape Town in 1652, was an official of the Dutch East India Company. The Dutch East India Company allowed them to claim farms of 2500 hectares (about 1000 acres) or more. https://www.politifact.com/.../coulters-strange-claim-dutch-settlers-preceded-bla Theal, London 1888, Precis of the Archives of the Cape of Good Hope, January 1652 - December 1658, Riebeeck's Journal, H.C.V. The Dutch were the first to really begin colonizing South Africa, with Dutch settlers called Afrikaners fighting violently against the indigenous Khoikhoi people for control. VOC Cape Colony at its largest extent in 1795, Colonies of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1962), Commanders and governors of the Cape Colony (1652–1806). The Cape settlement was built by them in 1652 as a re-supply point and way-station for United East India Company vessels on their way back and forth between the Netherlands and Batavia (Jakarta) in the Dutch East Indies. See Article History. Later on, the school was also attended by the children of the indigenes and the Free Burghers. The short answer is that the Boers (who by that generation were mostly born on the continent) didn't agree with British colonial rule. What were the territories, set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia), as part of the policy of apartheid, called? Britain seized Natal in 1843 but the other two territories became Boer republics. Between 1652 and 1691 a Commandment, and between 1691 and 1795 a Governorate of the United East India Company (VOC). [5], Conflicts with the settlers and the effects of smallpox decimated their numbers in 1713 and 1755, until gradually the breakdown of their society led them to work for the colonists, mostly as shepherds and herdsmen. After the war, the natives ceded the land to the settlers in 1660. During this period, missionaries started arriving, at first only from the Morovian Brethren and the London Missionary Society, but later they were joined by German, Dutch, Danish and Flemish missionaries. In 1797 their populations were:[7]. The settlers were allotted land which African people had occupied for millenia. In the 1600s both the VOC and East India Company companies were increasingly using the Cape as a halfway stop in their maritime trade and occasionally set up tents along the shore to trade with the Khoikhoi. Finally, the Boers began a mass migration away from the British called the Grea… Cape Dutch architecture is a traditional architectural style found mostly in the Western Cape Province in South Africa, here's a brief look at the history of the design. In 1615 ten British prisoners were also dumped on Robben Island and in 1648 the Dutch dumped mutineers on the shores of Table Bay. Thus, the order to set up a permanent settlement was an attempt by the Dutch to exclude the British with whom the Dutch were at war. The Dutch Cape Colony was divided into four districts. On his return Dias erected a cross (on the Gulf between the Mountains later named by sailors as ‘False Bay’). As a result it was looked down on as a kombuistaal (kitchen language) by the wealthier settlers who spoke High Dutch. Updated October 18, 2020. However, although the descendants of the settlers have kept many of their traditions alive, they have also borrowed from those around them. The British eventually were driven back by Boer Commandant Frans Joubert. In 1633 a wooden church was erected in Nieuw Amsterdam and in 1642 it was replaced by a stone church inside the Fort. After some early trading expeditions, the first Dutch settlement in the Americas was founded in 1615: Fort Nassau, on Castle Island along the Hudson, near present-day Albany.The settlement served mostly as an outpost for trading in fur with the native Lenape tribespeople, but was later replaced by Fort Orange.Both forts were named in honor of the House of Orange-Nassau. The name derives from “hot and tot [iii] ,” two sounds the Dutch interpreted as being common among the indigenous people’s language, just as the ancient Greeks called barbarians as such because they apparently made “bar” noises. The Afrikaners were the people living in the Cape who intermarried with the British and became British subjects. The slaves that the settlers imported added to the bloodline of the settlers, as did the French Hugenots of 1688 and British settlers of 1820. in 1834 slavery was abolished in the cape . The principles of Christianity were also introduced at the school resulting in the baptisms of many slaves and indigenous residents. By 1620, the VOC was the largest corporation in Europe trading in cotton and silk from India and China. As the only permanent settlement of the Dutch United East India Company not serving as a trading post, it proved an ideal retirement place for employees of the company. The Cape society in this period was thus a diverse one. When slavery was abolished in 18344 they were antagonized still more. The peace between Britain and Napoleonic France had broken after one year, while Napoleon had been strengthening his influence on the Batavian Republic (which he would replace with a monarchy later that year). Union of South Africa 1910. The original Dutch colonists who settled in South Africa called themselves _____, and were known to the British as Boers.? Less about slaves or ivory, the Anglo-Dutch Wars were actually more about who would be the dominant European naval power. The original colony and its successive states that the colony was incorporated into occupied much of modern South Africa. The name Afrikaaners came much later and reffered to Boers who had been born in South Africa. As the name suggests, the Dutch Reformed Church (Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk) in South Africa owes its origins and predominantly Calvinist theology to the Reformed Church in the Netherlands. Large numbers of people from Great Britain settled in South Africa after gold and diamonds were discovered. The British government paid owners for their slaves, but the Boers complained the payments were too small. When war broke out between the United Provinces of Netherlands against both Britain and France; the VOC declared itself the rightful owner of the Cape district, which included Table Bay, Houtbay and Saldanha Bay in 1672. The Great Trek, as this particular migration is called, was the first anti-colonial movement in South Africa. Along the West Coast of Africa, British charter companies clashed with the forces of the Dutch West India Company over rights to slaves, ivory, and gold in 1663. 1866 - Diamonds are discovered at Kimberley. They arrived in the bay of today’s Cape Town – later named Table Bay/Tafelbaai – on 6 April 1652 on board of five ships: the “Reijger”, the “Oliphant”, the “Goede Hoop”, the “Walvisch” and the “Drommedaris”. In 1503, Antonio de Saldanha, a Portuguese explorer caught in a storm sailed into Table Bay, mistakenly assuming he had already rounded the Cape. In 1652 the powerful Dutch East India Company built a fort and established a supply station under the command of Jan Van Riebeeck on a site that later became Cape Town. Also called Afrikaners who were the Dutch settlers in South Africa repeatedly driven inland by British settlers - trivia question /questions answer / answers ... but many other white settlers were landless. Union of South Africa. The original European settlers in South Africa were DUTCH. German South Africans refers to South Africans who have full or partial German heritage.. A significant number of South Africans are descended from Germans. Dias went as far as Port Elizabeth before turning back presumably due to protests by his ship crew. The National Convention drew up a constitution and the four colonies became an independent dominion called the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910. These areas were separated by the Amstel River (Liesbeek River). Also called Afrikaners, who were the Dutch settlers in South Africa repeatedly driven inland by British settlers. In 1795, France occupied the Dutch Republic. The 19th century formally non-racial franchise was retained in the Cape but was not extended elsewhere, where rights of citizenship were confined to whites alone. Get an answer. For example, between 1610 and 1669 the VOC took possession of colonies in Batavia, Indonesia, Colombo in Sri Lanka, Malabar in India, Makassar and the Dutch East Indies. The settlement established in the Cape in 1652 provided fresh food supplies for ships sailing to the east. Nine of the best applicants were selected to use the land for agricultural purposes. The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 confirmed the transfer of sovereignty to Great Britain. The Boers (Dutch settlers) in South Africa resented British rule. Dutch control did not last long, however, as the outbreak of the Napoleonic Wars (18 May 1803) invalidated the Peace of Amiens. The Afrikaners slowly developed their own language and culture when they came into contact with Africans and Asians. When European ships landed on the shores of Table Bay they came into contact with Khoikhoi. In 1480, Portuguese ships landed on the shores of the West Coast of Africa. With colonialism, which began in South Africa in 1652, came the Slavery and Forced Labour Model. They were called Boers (Dutch for farmer), or Afrikaners – Dutch with a mix of Flemish, German and French Huguenot heritage. This evolved from Dutch but also contained Malay and Portuguese Creole words. The soldiers (2362 in all) were instead sent to the Cape as settlers, arriving in East London in early 1857. In 1795 the British captured Cape Colony (South Africa). Log in for more information. The first colony in modern-day South Africa was the Cape Colony which was owned by the Dutch. Jan van Riebeeck was aboard one of these ships. The last, Rensselaerswyck, was the only successful patroonship in New Netherlands. The Dutch were the first Europeans to colonize the Cape. The first European settlers in South Africa were sponsored by the Dutch East India Company which controlled Netherlands trade between India and East Asia. The growing influence of the British and the French who also had interests in the Indian Ocean posed a danger that they might lay claim to the Cape because of its strategic location before the Dutch. Boer, (Dutch: “husbandman,” or “farmer”), a South African of Dutch, German, or Huguenot descent, especially one of the early settlers of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. This evolved from Dutch but also contained Malay and Portuguese Creole words. 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