"[4], The work took eight days. [10] The ensuing Reign of Terror culminated in the disgrace and execution of Robespierre and Saint-Just in 1794. 105. The Constitution of 1793, also known as the Lafayette Constitution, was a constitution for the State of Jefferson produced at the Lafayette Convention.The basic structure of the constitution derived from the ideas of James Madison of Virginia, who was influenced by John Adams of Massachusetts, though the final details were the result of a series of compromises worked out … 115. In: L’œuvre, vol. These agents are supervised by officers of account, whom the legislative body shall elect, but who cannot be taken from their own body: they are responsible for abuses of which they do not give legal notice to the courts. To many, especially the Jacobins, the Constitution of 1793 provided a model framework for an egalitarian, democratic republic; however, owing to the ongoing war the Convention suspended constitutional rule in October 1793 in favor of "revolutionary government . If at the first voting, no absolute majority be effected, a second meeting shall be held, and those two citizens who had the most votes, shall be voted for again. 113. 107. On 22 April the Convention discussed article 29: the right of resistance. The executive council chooses, but not from its midst, the foreign agents of the republic. 89. The Constitution made explicit that representation would only be determined by population, not by groups (as in the Estates-General, in which each Estate had its separate representation). The sessions of the municipalities and of the administrative authorities are held in public. Sections 62 to 74 dealt with the Executive Power, which was to be placed in the hands of a 24-member executive council appointed by the Electoral Assembly. These it refuses to deliver up to tyrants. The citizens, united in primary assemblies, nominate in proportion of 200 citizens, (they may be present or not,) one elector; two, for from 301 to 400;three, for from 501 to 600. 31. Those persons appointed to revise the accounts are under the supervision of commissioners, who are elected by the legislative body, not out of their own number; and they are responsible for the frauds and mistakes of accounts, of which they do not give notice. No citizen is excluded from the honorable obligation to contribute towards the public expenses. Pertue, M., "Constitution de 1793," in Soboul, A., Ed. Though the Constitution was overwhelmingly popular and its drafting and ratification buoyed popular support for the Montagnards, the convention set it aside indefinitely on 10 October 1793 and declared a "Revolutionary Government" until a future peace. It added several new economic and social rights, including right of association, right to work and public assistance, right to public education, right of rebellion (and duty to rebel when the government violates the right of the people), and the abolition of slavery, all written into what is known as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1793. 81. 20. Their number and districts are fixed by the legislative body. The legislative body assigns the business of the municipal officers and of the administrative authorities, the rules regarding their subordination, and the punishments to which they may become liable. The coach approached the scaffold (which stood approximately where the Obelisk decorating the Place de la Concorde stands today). Article 1st. That all men are born equally free and independent, and have certain natural, inherent, and unalienable rights, amongst which are the 17. 118. The criminal judges are chosen annually by the electoral assemblies. 97. 1963. A notice must precede the introduction of a bill. 116. 124. FRENCH CONSTITUTION of the twenty-fourth of June, 1793. of the republic. The legislative body is one, indivisible and continual. The laws, decrees, sentences, and all public transactions are superscribed: In the name of the French people, in the—year of the French Republic. 11. The Constitution prescribed the relationship between the Executive Council and the Legislative Body, the governing of the Municipalities. 7 (Pamphlet), 1787: Madison’s Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention, 1787: Mason: Objections to the Proposed Constitution (Letter), 1787: P. Webster, The Weakness of Brutus (Pamphlet), 1787: Ramsay, Address to the Freemen of Sth. 16. It also established the conduct of the Civil Justice System, mandating that arbitrators be elected and that citizens could select arbitrators for their case, and of the Criminal Justice System, mandating trial by jury and representation for the accused. The meeting is, in this case, called by the municipal authority of the usual place of assembly. 3. [5] A complete constitutional document was submitted to the convention on 10 June 1793. The punishment is executed by a criminal authority. 35. The preamble of the constitution recalls the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen from 1789 and establishes France as a secular and democratic country, deriving its sovereignty from the people.. Government institutions and practices. 69. 42. The legislative body preserves the accounts. It serves as a place of refuge for all who, on account of liberty, are banished from their native country. the general administration of revenues and of the ordinary expenditures of the republic; the inscription, alloy, stamp and names of coins; declaration of war; every new general division of the French territory; public instruction; public demonstrations of honor to the memory of great men. 80. They shall vote with loud voice. But, this constitution was also severely criticized by the revolutionaries. Finally, it guaranteed the right to equality, liberty, security, property, the public debt, free exercise of religion, general instruction, public assistance, the absolute liberty of the press, the right of petition, the right to hold popular assemblies, and the "enjoyment of all the rights of man". 24. 27. The Constitution declared that France was a "friend and ally of free nations", would not interfere with the government of other free nations and would harbor any refugees from "nations ruled by tyrants". 108. II, part III. The French people is, for the purpose of exercising its sovereignty, divided into primary assemblies according to cantons. by accepting offices of state, or favors which do not proceed from a democratic government; by being sentenced to dishonorable or corporal punishments, till reinstated in the former state. The legislative body chooses from this general list the members of the executive council. The French republic respects loyalty, courage, age, filial love, misfortune. The proceedings are in public. The Constitution of Year III was drafted by the Thermidorian-ruled National Convention during the spring and summer of 1795. The Lives and Times of Six Women in Revolutionary France, p. 379. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 18 Feb 2021, 10:18 France 1958 (rev. On 2 June 1793 after an insurrection and the fall of the Girondins the National Convention chose Louis Saint-Just and several other deputies to serve on a committee that would draft a new governmental system for the recently established Republic. After being drafted and approved by the Legislative Body, the law would be considered a "proposed law" and voted on by all of the communes of France. 2. Under the 1793 Constitution, France was declared to be a Liberal Democratic State based upon the principles of direct election and universal adult manhood franchise. [6][7] Employing universal male suffrage, the vote was a resounding popular victory for the new constitution, which received the approval of 1,784,377 out of approximately 1,800,000 voters.[8]. 124. 66. The French people assembles every year on the 1st of May for election. By the particular name of decrees are understood those enactments of the legislative body, which concern: 56. Sections 1 through 6 spelled out exactly who should be treated as a French Citizen and under what conditions citizenship could be revoked. Not till after a fortnight from the giving of notice can the debate begin, and the law be temporarily accepted. Following the seating of the National Convention, the new Constitution of 1793 was set up for the new republican state of France. 38. For every 40,000 individuals, one deputy is chosen. It decides on the violation of matters of form, and on transgressions expressed by law. Louis dismounted the carriage and removed his coat and collar. A primary meeting can in no case prescribe more than one manner of voting. 49. Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen of 1793, insurrection and the fall of the Girondins, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1793, Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution ... by Jonathan Israel, Chapter XIII, Preface to Constitution of 1793 with a declaration of the rights of man and citizen including right to rebellion, 1793: French Republic Constitution of 1793 - Online Library of Liberty, Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth, Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau, List of people associated with the French Revolution, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_Constitution_of_1793&oldid=971632560, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Alpaugh, Micah. 46. The right of exercising the rights of citizen is lost: 6. The elections of primary assemblies are published in the following manner: The united citizens in the primary assembly at—, numbering—votes, vote for, or vote against, by a majority of—. The deputies can, at no time, be held answerable, accused or condemned on account of opinions uttered within the legislative body. 30. In criminal cases, they may be arrested if caught in the act;but the warrant of arrest and the warrant of committal can be issued only by the legislative body. It is occupied, as regards the constitution, only with those subjects which caused its being called together. Before the Theodore D. Woolsey (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1883). The French Republic is one and indivisible. If, forty days after the sending in of the proposed law, of the absolute majority of departments, one-tenth of all the primary meetings, legally assembled by the departments, have not protested, the bill is accepted and becomes a law. Other articles where Jacobin Constitution is discussed: France: The Reign of Terror: In a referendum this Jacobin constitution of 1793 was approved virtually without dissent by about two million voters. Liberty Fund, Inc. All rights reserved. A deputy who hands in his resignation, cannot leave his post till his successor shall have been appointed. On 15 February 1793 they presented a draft in the convention. The French Republic honors loyalty, courage, old age, filial devotion, and misfortune. Designed by the Montagnards, principally Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Saint-Just, it was intended to replace the constitutional monarchy of 1791 and the Girondin constitutional project. Its activity is limited to the execution of laws and decrees of the legislative body. 3. 25. 63. The method of amendment that has been prescribed is a rigid method. 94. They shall deliberate publicly. 47. Kennedy, M. L. "The Jacobin Clubs in the French Revolution: 1793-1795," p.53. Berghahn Books, New York: 2000. Every deputy belongs to the whole nation. The general military force is used for the preservation of order and peace in the interior; it acts only on a written requisition of the constituted authorities. It also forbade the establishment of peace with an enemy that occupied French territory. The executive council has the management and supervision of the general administration. Generally termed the ‘Jacobin Constitution of 1793’, it was a document whose lynchpin was the idea of popular sovereignty, where it was the French people in which sovereignty resided rather than the King. The collectors of votes note down the votes of those citizens who cannot write, and yet prefer to vote secretly. In the case of a tied vote in the National Representation, the oldest member would supply the tie-breaking vote. The Constitution of 24 June 1793 (French: Acte constitutionnel du 24 juin 1793), also known as the Constitution of the Year I, or the The Montagnard Constitution (French: Constitution montagnarde), was the constitution instated by the Montagnards and by popular referendum under the First Republic during the French Revolution.Drafted by the Committee of Public … 51. Those same emergency powers would permit the Committee of Public Safety to conduct the Reign of Terror, and when that long period of violent political combat was over, the constitution was invalidated by its association with the defeated Robespierre. 58. The power to propose an amendment is with the President cum the Prime Minister, and with the members of the Parliament. 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