looting and devastation in the countryside. grants that favoured settlers from Britain over those with ties to the United States, many of whom were also denied political rights. Outcomes 12 leaders were found guilty of treason and hung and 50 were exiled to Australia The Rebellion Losses Bill The violence and destruction caused by British forces and local volunteers in suppressing the rebellions lead for people Many of the rebels (including Mackenzie) fled to the United States. Rebellions of 1837, also known as Rebellions of 1837–38, rebellions mounted in 1837–38 in each colony of Upper and Lower Canada against the British Crown and the political status quo. This was done for strictly financial reasons and was yet another contributing factor in the rebellion. They controlled the system of patronagethroughout the colony and used political office and influence to further their own business interests. Responsible government. They exchanged gunfire with a smaller group of militia loyal to the Crown. and calls for armed insurrection from the more radical Patriotes. The Province of Canada came into being in 1841. Updates? Another view is that the insurgencies amounted to pointless bloodletting, which may have even slowed the pace of reform. The Early American Republic and the 1837–38 Canadian Rebellions, Baldwin, LaFontaine and Responsible Government, The Politics of Cultural Accommodation: Baldwin, LaFontaine and Responsible Government. Buckner, P., Rebellions of 1837–38 (2019). Canada in 1830 did not fit into any preconceived schema. of the British governor and his unelected advisers (see Château Clique), and demanded control over the spending of the colony’s revenues. However, it too was poorly organized and was quickly put down. Blog. The Canadian Encyclopedia The Lower Canadian Rebellion of 1837 has been called the most important event in pre-Confederation history. Nearly 100 rebels were also captured. The two uprisings left 325 people dead, all of them rebels except for 27 British soldiers. But many captured rebels were later executed by the government. Louis-Joseph Papineau (1786-1871) was a French-Canadian radical political leader. Ineffective government and an economic depression led to the Rebellions of 1837-1838 in Canada. just upriver from the falls. Since the 1820s, they had peacefully opposed the authority of the Catholic Church. The Rebellion in Upper Canada was led by William Lyon Mackenzie, a Scottish-born newspaper publisher and politician who was a fierce critic of the Family Compact, an elite clique of officials and businessmen who dominated the running of the colony and its system of patronage. Meanwhile, French Canadian farmers suffered through an By … Laws which protected British agriculture. As Lenin and Trotsky noted, the rapid development of capitalism in some countries, and the subordination of the rest of the world to these nations creates unique situations in colonial and semi-colonial countries. See also: Baldwin, LaFontaine and Responsible Government; The Politics of Cultural Accommodation: Baldwin, LaFontaine and Responsible Government. Papineau and other rebel leaders fled to the United States. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The revolt in Lower Canada was the more serious and violent of the two. The revolt in Lower Canada was the more serious and violent of the two. It was a classic example of a situation in which the class contradictions reached a point where an open confrontation had to breakout. The insurgents were once again dispersed. The bulk Thanks for contributing to The Canadian Encyclopedia. Dannicah S. Blk 2. Buckner is an editor at The Canadian Encyclopedia, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Scottish-born newspaper publisher and politician was a fierce critic of the Family Compact. The Causes for the Rebellion of 1837-1838 The rebellions of Upper and Lower Canada were in the interests of self-government but were doomed to failure from their beginning. Favorite Answer. Including Upper Canada and Lower Canada! Mackenzie established a short-lived "Republic of Canada" on Navy Island in the Niagara River, but withdrew from armed conflict soon thereafter. Three days later, the remaining rebel group was dispersed from the tavern by loyalists. Although the rebel leaders were thwarted in their goals, Papineau and Mackenzie each The rebellions broke out in the colonies where the class composition was rather complicated. Francophone-Anglophone Relations.). The Compact dominated the running of the government. The revolt in Lower Canada was more serious and violent than the rebellion in Upper Canada. In, Buckner, Phillip A. , "Rebellions of 1837–38". This, coupled with economic depression for French Canadian farmers in the 1830s, plus rising tensions with the largely urban Anglophone minority, led to protest rallies across the colony and eventual calls by the more radical Patriotes for armed insurrection. Louis-Joseph Papineau, (born October 7, 1786, Montreal, Quebec [Canada]—died September 25, 1871, Montebello, Quebec, Canada), politician who was the radical leader of the French Canadians in Lower Canada (now Quebec) in the period preceding an unsuccessful revolt against the British government in 1837.. Papineau was elected a member of the House of Assembly of Lower Canada in 1809. One fact is clear: the rebellions prompted the appointment of Lord Durham and the writing of the Durham Report. Dannicah S. Blk 2. Robert gurlay. During 1838 there was a guerrilla army that carried out attacks along Upper Canada and Lower Canada. 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