The day before Catlin arrived at this village this old chiefs son - the young Hongs-kay-de had created a great sensation in the community by accomplishing a most startling amount of bigamy in a single day. rivers. They settled in present-day Nebraska and South Dakota. their author. I am warned by military authority to keep the Ponca within the limits of the reservation; but this is an impossibility. The location of their tribal homelands are shown on the map. A great hubbub immediately arose; the three others all springing forward, angry and perplexed, claiming his promises made to them. With the comparatively small advantages that have been afforded them, their advancement has been very great." It was with the greatest difficulty that the agent induced them to return; and after they did so, they huddled their tents close about the agency buildings, and could not be induced In Iowa, there is a PTN office in Sioux City. I am a descendant of the Ponca Tribe and of the Wa’zha’she Clan. This site includes some historical "The chief, who was wrapped in a buffalo-robe, is a noble specimen of native dignity and philosophy. ", This educational annuity has but one more year to run; whatever may have been done with it up to this time, it really is now being spent on schools, and it seems a great pity that it should soon cease. Early in the morning they returned with these, picked up all the corn which had not been destroyed, and such other articles as they could find, packed their ponies as best they might, and set off barefooted for home. Some of them went to visit the Omaha, others the Pawnees, where They migrated to the Great Plains to hunt buffalo and inhabited lands along the Niobrara River on the boundary between South Dakota and Nebraska. 20 White Eagle Drive Ponca City, OK 74601 (580) 762-8104 Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm By it the Ponca ceded and relinquished to the United States all the lands they had ever owned or claimed, "wherever situate," except a small tract between the Ponca and Niobrara "They started on their summer hunt toward the last of May, immediately after the first hoeing of their corn. The more powerful Sioux, also known as the Lakota, encroached on their land base. In 1856 the agent of the Upper Platte mentions incidentally that their lands were being fast intruded upon by squatters; At this time martial law was in force on many of the Indian reservations, owing to the presence of roving bands of hostile Sioux, driven from Minnesota after their outbreak there. With the introduction of the horse in the 1750's they migrated to the Great Plains, in the modern states of south Dakota and Nebraska, to hunt buffalo. most of the buildings, carrying them half a mile inland to be sure of safety. blankets, guns, anti all the small articles. In the night a party of soldiers from a military post on the Niobrara River came to their camp, and began to insult the squaws, "offering money with one hand, and During the 1860s and 1870s, droughts, failed bison hunts, and an incessant Sioux threat brought the Ponca to the brink of starvation. They worked most assiduously in putting in their crops, but lost them all by drought, and are in real danger of starvation if the Government does not assist them. He sat on the deck of the steamer, overlooking the little cluster of his wigwams mingled among the trees, and, like Caius Marius weeping over the ruins of Carthage, shed tears as he was des-canting on the poverty of his ill-fated little community, which he told me had 'once been powerful and happy; that the buffaloes which the Great With the comparatively small advantages that have been afforded them, their advancement has been very great.". Ponca History: What happened to the Ponca tribe? My family, also, includes the late Emily No Ear Kent, and descent from Chief White Eagle and Chief Standing Bear. The Indians, alarmed, pulled up their lodge, and escaped to a copse of willows near by. An arrow quiver is carried across his back. By working night and day for two weeks the Indians saved They also admit "the right of the United States to regulate all trade and intercourse with them." Thucydides said: " They are not the first breakers of a league who, being deserted, seek for aid to others, but they that perform not by their deeds what they have promised to do upon their oaths. After this there is little mention, in the official records of the Government, of the Ponca for some thirty years. In 1863 the reports are still more pitiful. As the agent had no food to feed them with, and no money to buy any (spite of the appropriation of $20,000 for subsistence and house-building), he induced them to go off on a hunt; but in less than a month they came straggling back, "begging for provisions for their women and children, whom they had left on the plains half-starved, having been unable to find any game, or any food except wild-turnips. In the mean time those who were here subsisted mainly on wild-cherries and plums and the wild-turnip, and traded away most of their blankets and annuity goods for provisions. At first they were successful and found buffaloes; but afterward, the ground being occupied by the Yankton, who were sent south of the Niobrara by the general commanding the district, and who were about double the number, and with four times as many horses, they soon consumed what meat they had cured, and were women and a child at the camp. The artist Catlin, who visited them a few years later, rated them a The Ponca have behaved well-quite as well, if not better than, under like circumstances, the same number of whites would have done. Ponca City is also home to corporations, factories, and oil refineries that contaminate the environment with toxic chemicals. and to build mills, mechanics' shops, etc. They cut the lodge covers to pieces, burnt the saddles and blankets, cut open sacks of beans, corn, and dried pumpkin, and strewed their contents on the ground, and went away, taking with them a skin lodge-covering, beaver-skins, buffalo-robes, This will be a serious and irreparable calamity if not remedied by the most generous action of the Government. But this year was not to close without a disaster. If funds for this purpose cannot The encroachment of the lands resulted in the Ponca being forcibly moved to a reservation in Oklahoma and the tragic story of Chief Standing Bear. Exactly when the Eastern Shawnee Tribe became formally organized is unclear (happening sometime after May, 1937). In the summer of 1873 the Missouri River suddenly overflowed, washed away its banks hundreds of yards back, and entirely ruined the Ponca village. Their numbers are estimated by Lewis and Clarke as being only about two Named for the Ponca Indians, who laid claim to the land from the Aowa to the Niobrara River, this was the first settlement between Sioux City and Fort Randall. Like numerous other tribes in Nebraska, they were forced to witness the shrinking of their homelands until most were moved to the Indian Territory in the present day state of Oklahoma. Parrish Williams, a member of the Ponca Tribe, presided over a ceremony to bless the ground where the statue is to be built and to bless members of a … At first they were successful and found buffaloes; but afterward, the ground being occupied by the Yankton, who were sent south of the Niobrara by the general commanding the district, and who were about double the number, and with four times as many horses, they soon consumed what meat they had cured, and were people had foolishly become fond of fire-water, and had given away every- thing in their country for it; that it had destroyed many of his warriors, and would soon destroy the rest; that his tribe was too small and his warriors too few to go to war with the tribes around them; that they were met and killed by the Sioux on the north, by the Pawnee on the west, by the Osage and Konza on the south, and still more alarmed from the constant advance of the pale prematurely dry stalks and straw." Addressing the prospective father-in-law who stood nearest him, with his daughter by his side, he said, "You promised me your daughter: here are the two extinction of his tribe, which he had not the power to avert: Poor, noble chief; who was equal to and worthy of a greater empire! They commenced to return in the latter part of July. The proud young chief wore striking horizontal stripe of red face paint and wore a roach headdress decorated with eagle feathers. In December of this year what the governmental reports call "a very unfortunate occurrence" took place in Nebraska. The Ponca Tribe, which was forced to leave its homeland along the Missouri River in Nebraska by the U.S. government in the 1870s, has no reservation. In one year after this disaster they had recovered themselves marvelously; built twenty new houses; owned over a hundred head of cattle and fifty wagons, and put three hundred acres of land under cultivation (about three acres to each male in the tribe). part of the historical record and should not be interpreted to mean that of actual loss is to be attributed to their labor, continuous and per- severing-working sometimes over the swiftly-flowing waters, terrible and turbid, on the edge of time newly-formed current but a few inches below them, and into which a fall would have been certain death, even for an Indian.". In consequence of this delay to fulfill the treaty provisions, the Government was forced to step in at the last moment and " incur a heavy expense " in furnishing the Ponca with food enough to keep them from starving; and in 1859, under this pressure, the Senate ratified the treaty. The Ponca timeline explains what happened to the people of their tribe. The civil rights case of Standing Bear v. Crook began on May 1, 1879 before Judge Elmer S. Dundy in U.S. District Court in Omaha. there seems to be no probability that this will be done, a special appropriation may be made for presents to the relatives of the deceased." They also built earth lodges, similar to those built by the Pawnee. As They cut the lodge covers to pieces, burnt the saddles and blankets, cut open sacks of beans, corn, and dried pumpkin, and strewed their contents on the ground, and went away, taking with them a skin lodge-covering, beaver-skins, buffalo-robes, What food did the Ponca tribe eat?The food that the Ponca tribe ate included ate included fish and meat. First came a drought; then three visitations of locusts, one after the other, which so completely stripped the fields that " nothing was left but a few Although the tribe’s exact origin is unknown, some scholars believed the Ponca … That his A few years later the tribe is reckoned at four hundred: in a census of the Indian tribes, taken by General Porter in 1829, they are set down at six hundred. comprised all the improvements." By working night and day for two weeks the Indians saved The men who did this deed belonged to Company B of the Seventh Iowa Cavalry. extinction of his tribe, which he had not the power to avert: Poor, noble chief; who was equal to and worthy of a greater empire! In one year after this disaster they had recovered themselves marvelously; built twenty new houses; owned over a hundred head of cattle and fifty wagons, and put three hundred acres of land under cultivation (about three acres to each male in the tribe). As soon as the Indians saw them coming they fled. It was with the greatest difficulty that the agent induced them to return; and after they did so, they huddled their tents close about the agency buildings, and could not be induced constantly surrounded by a hungry crowd begging for food. Some of them went to visit the Omaha, others the Pawnees, where little less. The Ponca Tribe of Nebraska operates within a designated service area covering fifteen counties in Nebraska, South Dakota, and Iowa. harmonize very well." The condition of the Ponca now is, on the whole, encouraging; they are " not only willing, but extremely anxious to learn the arts by which they may become self-supporting, and conform to the usages of white men. The Ponca Tribe signed several treaties with the federal government from 1817 to 1865. The Indians' ponies were hid in the willows. Their food was supplemented with wild vegetables and roots such as spinach, prairie turnips and potatoes and flavored with wild herbs. After they went away he crawled out and escaped to the agency. Images may not be linked to in any manner or method. In 1858 and 1865 the Ponca also signed land cession treaties in return for military protection and economic assistance. finally acted on by that body. The now Governor of Dakota seconds the recommendation, and regrets to say that, "for the enlightenment of the 35,000 Indians embraced in the Dakota Superintendency, there is not one school in operation." I trust that, as 1875: Chief Standing Bear and some members of the tribe accompanied by Indian agents visit Oklahoma, but find the land inhabitable. A Century of Dishonor, There is nothing within its limits, nor can anything be obtained in sufficient quantity, or brought here soon enough to keep them from starving. In 1803 Captain Lewis and Lieutenant Clarke, of the First United States Infantry, were commissioned by Congress to explore the river Missouri from its mouth to its source, to " seek the best water communication from thence to the Pacific Ocean," and to enter into conference with all the Indian tribes on their route, with a view to the establishment of commerce with them. benefits and acts of kindness as may be convenient, and seem just and proper to the President of the United States." materials that may imply negative stereotypes reflecting the culture or The horses were delivered, and Hongs-kay-de, leading two brides in each hand, walked off with great dignity to his wigwam. there seems to be no probability that this will be done, a special appropriation may be made for presents to the relatives of the deceased. Osage ancestral territory east of the Mississippi included the Ohio Valley region, taking in portions of Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana, Kentucky, Pennsylvania and western Illinois. Spirit had given them for food, and which formerly spread all over their green prairies, had all been killed or driven out by the approach of white men, who wanted their skins; that their country was now entirely destitute of game, and even of roots for food, as it was one continuous prairie; and that his young men, penetrating the countries of their enemies for buffaloes, which they were obliged to do, were cut to pieces and destroyed in great numbers. The Ponca's are forced to walk 500 miles home. The condition of the Ponca now is, on the whole, encouraging; they are " not only willing, but extremely anxious to learn the arts by which they may become self-supporting, and conform to the usages of white men. horses." There was some correspondence between the military authorities relative to it, but with no result; and in the report of the next year the Indian Commissioner says: "Attention was called last year to the fact that the murderers of several of this loyal and friendly tribe had not been discovered and punished. As soon as the Indians saw them coming they fled. Mr. Catlin says that he visited the bridal wigwam soon afterward, and saw the "four modest little wives seated around the fire, seeming to At the time appointed he appeared, followed by sonic of his young friends leading eight horses. For the next two years they worked industriously and well; three schools were established; a chapel was built by the Episcopal mission; the village began to assume the appearance of permanence and thrift; but misfortune had not yet parted company with the Ponca. be otherwise procured, the Ponca are willing and anxious to transfer their old reservation to the Government for a moderate extension of these important and indispensable benefits." In the mean time the plains had been burnt over, so that they could not discover the roots they are in- the habit of digging. //-->. The Ponca worked well and long, often through the night; and the fact that the disaster did not cost us ten dollars horses." The Indians' ponies were hid in the willows. Being the chief's son, and having just been presented by his father with a handsome wigwam and nine horses, he had no difficulty whatever in ingratiating himself with the fathers of marriageable daughters, and had, with ingenious slyness, offered himself to and The Ponca Nation has lived on the reservation near Ponca City, Oklahoma since the federal government moved the tribe from Nebraska in the 1870s. On reaching the river he dived into the water through a hole in the ice; as often as he lifted his head they fired at him. About thirty years later, the tribe sold its homeland to the United States, retaining a 58,000-acre reservation between Ponca Creek and the Niobrara River. There was some correspondence between the military authorities relative to it, but with no result; and in the report of the next year the Indian Commissioner says: "Attention was called last year to the fact that the murderers of several of this loyal and friendly tribe had not been discovered and punished. and in 1857 another agent reports having met on the banks of the Missouri a large band of Ponca, who made complaint that all the Indians on the river were receiving presents and they were overlooked; that the men from the steamboats cut their trees down, and that white settlers were taking away all their land. These items are presented as He gives an interesting account of the chief of the tribe, named Shoo-de-ga-cha (Smoke), and his young and pretty wife, Hee-la'h-dee (the Pure Fountain), whose portraits he painted. 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